Natural Home Cures - Other Xanthones & Properties in Mangosteen

Scientists investigating the effects of the mangosteen xanthones on the HIV-1 virus found that mangostin and gamma-mangostin demonstrated the ability to inhibit the activity of the HIV-1 virus that causes AIDS(1). (Clinical, Academic, and Medical Laboratory Testing Only - No Long Term Human Testing Was Performed In This Study.)

Xanthones also have cancer-fighting properties. In one study, a xanthone from the mangosteen—Garcinone E—was more effective than the chemotherapy agents flouraurcil, cisplatin, vincristine, methotrexate, and mitoxantrone in killing lung, stomach, and liver cancer cells(2). (Clinical, Academic, and Medical Laboratory Testing Only - No Long Term Human Testing Was Performed In This Study.)

Researchers found that alpha-mangostin, beta-mangostin, and garcinone B were potent inhibitors of mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mangostin was also found to have the ability to protect the LDL from oxidative damage by free radicals(3). This helps control and lower "bad cholesterol" (LDL) levels and so assists in preventing the clogging of arteries (heart disease). Xanthones also can stop histamines that often cause uncomfortable inflammation in people with allergies(4).

1,3,6,7-TETRAHYDROXYANTHONE Wood: CCO
1,3,6,7-TETRAHYDROXYANTHONE-O-GLUCOSIDE Wood: CCO
1,5-DIHYDROXY-2-(3-METHYLBUT-2-ENYL)
3-METHOXYXANTHONE
Fruit: CCO
1FAT Seed 1,000 - 34,285 ppm JFM
8-DEOXYGARTANIN Fruit: HHB
ASCORBIC-ACID Fruit 10 - 255 ppm CRC JFM
ASH Fruit 2,000 - 13,140 ppm JFM
BETA-CAROTENE Fruit: CRC
BETA-MANGOSTIN Latex Exudate 20,000 ppm; CCO
BETULIN Leaf 250 ppm; JAD
CALCIUM Fruit 100 - 637 ppm CRC JFM
CARBOHYDRATES Fruit 143,000 - 960,000 ppm JFM
CATECHINS Fruit 50,000 - 60,000 ppm HHB Petiole 700,000 - 140,000 ppm WOI
CIS-HEX-3-ENYL-ACETATE Fruit: CCO
CIS-S-3-HEXEN-1-OL Fruit: CCO
CITRIC-ACID Fruit 4,200 - 27,815 ppm WOI
FAT Seed 30,000 ppm; WOI
FIBER Fruit 50,000 - 318,000 ppm JFM
GAMMA-MANGOSTIN Fruit: CCO
ARCINONES Petiole: CCO
GARTANIN Fruit: HHB
HEXYL-ACETATE Fruit: CCO
IRON Fruit 2 - 46 ppm JFM
KILOCALORIES Fruit 600 - 3,630 /kg CRC JFM
MACLURIN Wood: CCO
MANGOSTIN Fruit: HHB Latex Exudate 300,000 - 500,000 ppm CCO
N,7DIHYDROXY-2-(3-METHYLBUT-2-ENYL)
3-METHOXYXANTHONE
Fruit: CCO
NIACIN Fruit 6 - 38 ppm CRC
PECTIN Fruit 1,000 - 5,000 ppm JFM WOI
PHOSPHORUS Fruit 100 - 685 ppm CRC JFM
PHYTIN Fruit 1,190 - 6,560 ppm JFM
POTASSIUM Fruit 1,350 - 8,560 ppm CRC
PROTEIN Fruit 5,000 - 34,285 ppm JFM
RIBOFLAVIN Fruit 0.2 - 1.3 ppm CRC
SODIUM Fruit 10 - 64 ppm CRC
SUGARS Fruit 164,200 - 960,000 ppm JFM WOI
THIAMIN Fruit 0.3 - 1.9 ppm CRC JFM
WATER Fruit 802,000 - 849,000 ppm JFM

*ppm = parts per million
*tr = trace

 

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      Source References
(1)
PubMed: Active Constituents Against HIV-1 Protease From Garcinia Mangostana
(2)
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center: Mangosteen
(3)
PubMed: Mangostin Inhibits Oxidative Modification Of Human Low-density Lipoprotein
(4)
PubMed: Inhibitions Of Histamine Release & Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis B Mangosteen

 

References:
CCO: Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)
CRC: CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
JAD: Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.
JFM: Morton, J.F., Major Medicinal Plants. 1977. Atlas of Medicinal Plants of Middle America. Bahamas to Yucatan. 1981.
HHB: List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
WOI: ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

 

* "Antioxidant xanthones from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen)". J. Agric. Food Chem. PMID 16536578.
* "Pharmacological profile of mangostin and its derivatives". Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. PMID 314790.
* Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
* Alternative pathways of xanthone biosynthesis in cell cultures L. Werner Schmidt and Ludger Beerhues, FEBS Letters, Volume 420
* Tomentonone, a new xanthonoid from the stem bark of Calophyllum tomentosum. Banerji A., Deshpande A. D., Prabhu B. R. and Padmanava P., Journal of natural products, 1994, vol. 57, no3,
* Sources of natural phenolic antioxidants. Boskou Dimitrios, Trends in Food Science & Technology 17 (2006) 505–512, doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2006.04.00
* Clinical Guide to Nutrition and Dietary Supplements in Disease Management. ISBN 0-443-07193-4.
* "Evaluation of the Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Activities of the Natural Polyphenol Chlorogenic Acid". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 29: 2236–40. doi:10.1248/bpb.29.2236.